Table 1

Summary of cancers with increased risks in males (M) and females (F) with HIV/AIDS (PHA) in India
Cancer sites with increased risk
 Relative risks in developed countries
 Correlated with CD4 loss in PHA
 Tumor-associated co-viral infections*
 Incidence in India, relative to developed countries
 Proportional risk increase in Indian PHA [13]
 Case observations in Indian PHA**













M
 F
AIDS-defining cancers






     Kaposi sarcoma
 > 1000
 ++++
 KSHV
 Rare
 No cases seen
 Occasional
     Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
 20–350
 +++
 EBV
 Low
 17
 10
 Multiple
     Cervical cancer
 2–20
 -
 HPV
 Very high
4
 Not reported
Non-AIDS defining cancers






     Anus
 20–50
 -
 HPV
 Low
 10
 6NS
 Not reported
     Hodgkin lymphoma
 3–18
 Inverse
 EBV
 Low
 4
 2NS
 Occasional
     Vulva and vagina
 4–8
 -
 HPV
 High
8
 Not reported
     Head and neck cancers
 2–3
 -
 HPV
 Very high
 1NS
 2
 Not reported
     Testis
 1–2
 -
 None
 Low
 2
Not reported

NS Not statistically significant

* KSHV: Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8); EBV: Epstein Barr virus; HPV: Human papillomavirus

** Other than description in risk ratio study [13].

Biggar et al. Infectious Agents and Cancer 2009 4:4   doi:10.1186/1750-9378-4-4